Oscillators in the microvasculature: glycocalyx and beyond

Area of Science:

• Physiology
• Biophysics
• Cell Biology

Background:

• Biological systems frequently display oscillatory functions.
• The microvasculature, crucial for physiological processes, exhibits complex dynamic behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide an overview of oscillatory phenomena within the microvasculature.
• To explore the interactions and potential coupling of these oscillations.

Main Methods:

• Literature review and synthesis of existing research on microvascular oscillations.
• Analysis of oscillatory dynamics in blood flow, cellular components, and molecular interactions.

Main Results:

• Identified self-sustained oscillations in blood flow, hematocrit, and viscosity at bifurcations.
• Detailed the role of blood flow in endothelial glycocalyx oscillations, mechanotransduction, and cell priming.
• Discussed oscillating affinity of hyaluronan-CD44, actomyosin contractility, and plasma membrane tension effects.
• Explored reversible effects of sirtuin-1 on endothelial glycocalyx and plasma membrane tension impacts on transport.

Conclusions:

• Oscillatory activities are prevalent and interconnected within the microvasculature.
• Understanding these oscillations may inform chronotherapy strategies for pathological conditions.