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Sedatives and hypnotics encompass a wide range of substances, each with its unique mechanism of action, uses, and potential adverse effects.
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The sleep cycle, an integral part of human health, consists of several stages with distinct characteristics and functions. It begins with a transition from wakefulness to sleep, known as the light sleep phase, followed by the restorative deep sleep phase, essential for physical recovery and growth. The cycle concludes with the Rapid Eye Movement (REM) phase, characterized by high brain activity and vivid dreaming. Insomnia, a prevalent sleep disorder, involves difficulty falling asleep, staying...
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[Adjunctive therapy for sleep disorders].

V V Amelina1,2, Yu V Sviryaev2, N E Kruglova1

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Summary

This article explores insomnia

Keywords:
anxietyinsomniainsomnia treatmentstress

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Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Psychiatry
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder often linked to mental health conditions.
  • Understanding the underlying mechanisms of insomnia is crucial for effective treatment.
  • Anxiety and stress play significant roles in the development and persistence of insomnia.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established pathogenetic models of insomnia.
  • To examine the role of anxiety and stress in insomnia.
  • To outline current non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment strategies for insomnia.

Main Methods:

  • Review of pathogenetic models including the «3P» model, hyperarousal, and sleep reactivity to stress.
  • Discussion of anxiety and stress as contributing factors.
  • Overview of psychotherapy, other non-pharmacological interventions, and pharmacotherapy.

Main Results:

  • Identified key pathogenetic models for insomnia.
  • Highlighted the significant comorbidity between insomnia and mental disorders.
  • Described a range of treatment options, including combined approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Insomnia pathogenesis involves multiple factors, including psychological stress.
  • Effective insomnia management requires addressing underlying causes and comorbidities.
  • Integrated treatment strategies, combining psychotherapy with other methods, show promise.