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Drying Shrinkage

Drying Shrinkage

When hardened concrete is exposed to air with a relative humidity of less than 100 percent, it begins to lose the free water within its capillaries. As this water evaporates, the water initially adsorbed onto the calcium silicate hydrates migrates towards these now empty spaces and eventually evaporates as well. Over time, as more water leaves, the volume of the concrete decreases, a phenomenon known as drying shrinkage.
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Methods for the Self-integration of Megamolecular Biopolymers on the Drying Air-LC Interface

Methods for the Self-integration of Megamolecular Biopolymers on the Drying Air-LC Interface

Published on: April 7, 2017

Revealing how maltodextrin-containing droplets dry using optical coherence tomography.

Erik J G Sewalt¹, J Kalkman², J R van Ommen¹

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CJ Delft, the Netherlands.

Food Research International (Ottawa, Ont.)

|June 28, 2022

Summary

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) measures solute concentration in drying droplets. This technique reveals how solute redistribution impacts powder formation and particle morphology during drying.

Keywords:

Component reorganization during drying Drying droplet Optical coherence tomography Particle morphology Single droplet drying Spray drying Stickiness

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Chemical Engineering
Biophysics

Background:

Powder properties depend on solute redistribution during droplet drying.
Understanding solute dynamics is crucial for designing powders and optimizing spray drying processes.
Experimental methods for measuring solute concentration in drying droplets are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) for measuring solute concentration in drying droplets.
To investigate the development of a solidifying shell at the liquid-air interface during drying.
To provide a foundation for using OCT to link solute redistribution to particle morphology.

Main Methods:

Utilized optical coherence tomography (OCT) to monitor drying aqueous droplets of maltodextrin.
Quantified spatio-temporal solute concentration within the droplets.
Observed the formation of a solidifying shell at the liquid-air interface.

Main Results:

Successfully measured the spatio-temporal concentration of solute in drying maltodextrin droplets using OCT.
Visualized the development of a solidifying shell during the drying process.
Established a method for correlating solute redistribution with particle characteristics.

Conclusions:

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a viable technique for quantifying solute redistribution in drying droplets.
OCT can provide insights into the formation of particle morphology and agglomerates.
This approach supports the rational design of powders and optimization of drying equipment.