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Diagnosis and management of type 2 diabetes in children
Sarah Garvick1, Lilli Altenburg, Bailey Dunlap
1Sarah Garvick is associate program director of the PA program at Wake Forest School of Medicine and practices with the Appalachian District Health Department, both in Boone, N.C. At the time this article was written, Lilli Altenburg, Bailey Dunlap, Abby Fisher , and Amanda Watson were students in the PA program at Wake Forest School of Medicine. Tanya Gregory is an assistant professor and director of student services in the Department of PA Studies at Wake Forest School of Medicine in Winston-Salem, N.C. The authors have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise.
Insights
Type 2 diabetes in children is increasing, linked to obesity. Early intervention and managing complications are crucial, especially for minority and low-income groups facing socioeconomic barriers.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Endocrinology
- Public Health
Background:
- Childhood type 2 diabetes incidence has risen 4.8% in the last decade.
- This rise correlates with increasing childhood obesity rates.
- Updated guidelines recommend early identification and pharmacologic treatment for pediatric type 2 diabetes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To highlight the aggressive nature of type 2 diabetes in children.
- To emphasize the need for comprehensive treatment strategies.
- To address socioeconomic disparities affecting diabetes management in pediatric patients.
Main Methods:
- Review of current pediatric diabetes guidelines.
- Analysis of disease progression and complication risks in children.
- Consideration of socioeconomic factors influencing treatment adherence.
Main Results:
- Pediatric type 2 diabetes requires aggressive management including complication prevention (nephropathy, neuropathy) and comorbidity control (cardiovascular disease, dyslipidemia).
- Racial/ethnic minorities and low socioeconomic status groups show the highest incidence.
- Socioeconomic disparities significantly impact adherence to management plans.
Conclusions:
- Comprehensive treatment is essential for pediatric type 2 diabetes to prevent long-term complications.
- Addressing socioeconomic disparities and connecting patients with resources are critical for effective management.
- Multifaceted approaches are needed to combat the rising rates of childhood type 2 diabetes.
Abstract:
The incidence of type 2 diabetes in children has risen 4.8% over the past decade, correlating with steadily rising obesity rates in children. Updated guidelines from the American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Diabetes Association encourage early identification and pharmacologic intervention for children with type 2 diabetes. Because of the aggressive disease course in children, comprehensive treatment must include prevention of complications such as diabetic nephropathy and neuropathy as well as management of comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease and dyslipidemia. Because the highest incidence of type 2 diabetes is reported in patients from racial or ethnic minority groups and those of low socioeconomic status, clinicians must work with patients and families to identify socioeconomic disparities that could affect adherence to diabetes management plans and to connect patients with community resources.
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