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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Quantification of Oculomotor Responses and Accommodation Through Instrumentation and Analysis Toolboxes
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Cognitive workload affects ocular accommodation and pupillary response.

Matjaž Mihelčič1, Anja Podlesek2

  • 1Optika Mesec Bled, Slovenia.

Journal of Optometry
|June 28, 2022
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Summary

Cognitive load during reading tasks alters pupil size and eye accommodation. Conflicting tasks increased pupil size, while logical reasoning tasks showed greater accommodative fluctuations, potentially impacting myopia development.

Keywords:
AccommodationCognitive loadMyopiaPupilsRefraction

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Human Physiology

Background:

  • Cognitive processes during reading influence autonomic nervous system activity.
  • Understanding the interplay between cognitive load and visual system responses is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of short-term cognitive load on ocular accommodation and pupil dynamics.
  • To differentiate the effects of various cognitive task types and difficulty levels on visual responses.

Main Methods:

  • 58 participants (mean age 16.4 years) performed numerical, textual, and Stroop tasks at varying cognitive loads for 90 seconds each.
  • Accommodative and pupillary responses were measured using a videoretinoscope at 50 Hz while participants viewed a screen at 40 cm.
  • Tasks were designed to manipulate cognitive demand and assess its short-term effects on visual parameters.

Main Results:

  • Pupil size was significantly larger during Stroop tasks (5.20 mm) and numerical tasks (5.02 mm) compared to textual tasks (4.78 mm).
  • Accommodative fluctuations (SD) were highest in textual tasks (0.67 D), followed by numerical (0.61 D) and Stroop tasks (0.52 D).
  • Task type and cognitive load demonstrably altered both pupil size and accommodative stability.

Conclusions:

  • Short-term cognitive load significantly affects pupillary and accommodative responses during near work.
  • Increased pupil dilation was observed in tasks involving conflict (Stroop) or continuous calculation (numerical).
  • Greater accommodative fluctuations occurred during tasks requiring logical reasoning, suggesting a link to near-point stress and myopia progression models.