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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

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The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling01:27

¹H NMR: Long-Range Coupling

1.9K
The coupling interactions of nuclei across four or more bonds are usually weak, with J values less than 1 Hz. While these are usually not observed in spectra, the presence of multiple bonds along the coupling pathway can result in observable long-range coupling.
In alkenes, spin information is communicated via σ–π overlap, as seen in allylic (four-bond) and homoallylic (five-bond) couplings. These coupling interactions are stronger when the σ bond is parallel to the alkene...
1.9K
Ferromagnetism01:31

Ferromagnetism

2.5K
Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.1K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the...
1.1K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.1K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Orthogonal interlayer coupling in an all-antiferromagnetic junction.

Yongjian Zhou1, Liyang Liao1, Tingwen Guo1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.

Nature Communications
|June 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers achieved orthogonal interlayer coupling at room temperature in an all-antiferromagnetic junction. This discovery in iron oxide/chromium oxide/iron oxide structures opens new avenues for antiferromagnetic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Spintronics

Background:

  • Conventional ferromagnet sandwiches often lack noncollinear couplings due to strong magnetization.
  • Antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials offer potential for low coupling energy but have been underexplored in sandwich structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate and investigate orthogonal interlayer coupling in an all-antiferromagnetic junction.
  • To explore the influence of spacer thickness on coupling strength.
  • To elucidate the mechanism behind the observed coupling.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of Fe2O3/Cr2O3/Fe2O3 all-antiferromagnetic junctions.
  • Experimental characterization of interlayer coupling at room temperature.
  • Energy and symmetry analysis to exclude direct coupling mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated strong orthogonal coupling between Néel vectors in Fe2O3 layers.
  • Observed significant dependence of coupling strength on the Cr2O3 spacer thickness.
  • Ruled out direct coupling via uniform magnetic ordering in the spacer.

Conclusions:

  • Orthogonal coupling in AFM junctions is mediated by non-uniform domain wall states in the spacer.
  • This finding provides a novel approach for designing AFM structures.
  • The studied junction is a promising building block for future antiferromagnetic devices.