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Researchers experimentally verified the mechanism of generalized thermalization in isolated quantum systems for the first time. This study explores quantum statistical mechanics by examining spin subsystem relaxation and validating a generalized Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH).

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Non-equilibrium thermodynamics
  • Statistical mechanics

Background:

  • Understanding quantum system equilibration is key in non-equilibrium thermodynamics.
  • The Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH) explains thermalization in non-integrable systems.
  • Integrable systems were thought to not follow ETH, but can relax to a generalized Gibbs ensemble.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally investigate the origin of generalized thermalization in isolated integrable quantum systems.
  • To verify the underlying mechanism of generalized thermalization at a microscopic level.
  • To test predictions of a generalized Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH).

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation of spin subsystem relaxation in an isolated spin-orbit coupling quantum system.
  • Utilizing quantum state engineering to initialize the system with varying distribution widths.
  • Comparing long-time coherent dynamics steady states with generalized ETH predictions.

Main Results:

  • The steady state of the spin subsystem was experimentally measured.
  • The experimental results align with the predictions of a generalized Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH).
  • The underlying mechanism of generalized thermalization in isolated integrable systems was experimentally verified for the first time.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first experimental verification of generalized thermalization in isolated quantum systems.
  • The findings support a generalized version of the Eigenstate Thermalization Hypothesis (ETH).
  • The research advances the understanding of the origins of quantum statistical mechanics.