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Homeless veterans in the Caribbean: Profile and housing failure
Naiomi Rivera-Rivera1,2, Angel A Villarreal1
1VA Caribbean Health Care System, San Juan, PR.
Revista Puertorriquena De Psicologia
|June 29, 2022
Summary
Homeless veterans, particularly those from recent conflicts, face higher readmission risks due to factors beyond housing. Addressing psychosocial needs is crucial for ending veteran homelessness.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Veterans Affairs
- Mental Health
Background:
- Homelessness among U.S. military veterans is a significant public health issue.
- Understanding readmission factors is vital for effective veteran support programs.
- The Caribbean Homeless Veteran population presents unique demographic and psychosocial characteristics.
Purpose of the Study:
- To profile homeless veterans in the U.S. military using sociodemographic, psychosocial, and military factors.
- To identify characteristics associated with readmission to homelessness programs.
- To examine the role of recent military conflicts in veteran readmission rates.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of 620 healthcare records from the VA Caribbean Healthcare System (2005-2014).
- Statistical methods included Chi square, Fisher's exact test, Wilcoxon-Rank Sum tests, and generalized linear models.
- Evaluation of sociodemographic, psychosocial, and military variables influencing readmission.
Main Results:
- Homeless veterans were predominantly male, Army service members, with low social support, poor housing affordability, extreme poverty, unemployment, and psychiatric disorders.
- Veterans from Operation Iraqi Freedom, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation New Dawn showed higher readmission risk.
- Substance use, social isolation, legal problems, and psychiatric disorders were key factors in readmission.
Conclusions:
- Housing assistance alone is insufficient to resolve veteran homelessness.
- Comprehensive support addressing psychosocial needs is essential for reducing veteran readmissions.
- Targeted interventions are required for veterans returning from recent conflicts.
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