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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Rapid High-throughput Species Identification of Botanical Material Using Direct Analysis in Real Time High Resolution Mass Spectrometry
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Kratom use as more than a "self-treatment".

Kirsten E Smith1, Kelly E Dunn2, Jeffrey M Rogers1

  • 1Assessment, Prediction, and Treatment Unit, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research ProgramReal-world, Baltimore, MD, USA.

The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse
|June 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) use is diversifying, with many users self-treating conditions and seeking alternatives to other substances. Further research is needed to understand evolving trends in kratom use.

Keywords:
KratomMitragyna speciosanovel drugspolydrug usesurvey

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology and Addiction Studies
  • Public Health Research
  • Substance Use Trends

Background:

  • Mitragyna speciosa (kratom) use is rising in the US for its pharmacological effects.
  • Kratom's novelty creates a dynamic use landscape, necessitating updated information for researchers and clinicians.
  • Understanding current kratom use patterns is crucial due to its increasing popularity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate current trends in kratom use initiation, sourcing, and motivations.
  • To assess user preferences, conceptualizations, and perceived stigma associated with kratom.
  • To provide an updated overview of kratom use for scientific and clinical communities.

Main Methods:

  • Survey of 289 individuals reporting lifetime kratom use (N=129 completed kratom-specific questions).
  • Data collected between April-May 2021.
  • Analysis included demographic, use history, motivations, and substance associations.

Main Results:

  • Most users (69.0%) initiated kratom use after 2015, with a mean initiation age older than for opioids.
  • Kratom was a preferred substance for 48.5% of users.
  • Motivations for kratom use are diverse, including self-treatment for opioid, alcohol, or stimulant substitution, often linked to treatment shortfalls. Past-month cannabis use showed the strongest association with past-month kratom use.

Conclusions:

  • Kratom use motivations are becoming more varied, driven by multiple factors.
  • Public health, clinical, and policy responses require evidence from rigorous scientific research.
  • There is a significant lack of comprehensive scientific study on kratom.