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Disorders of the Nervous Tissue01:28

Disorders of the Nervous Tissue

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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
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Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is...
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Non-Communicable Neurological Disorders and Neuroinflammation.

Clara Ballerini1, Alfred K Njamnshi2, Sharon L Juliano3

  • 1Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.

Frontiers in Immunology
|June 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Neuroinflammation plays a critical role in neurological disorders like traumatic brain injury, stroke, and dementia, particularly impacting Africa. Understanding neuroimmunology is key to addressing these growing health concerns.

Keywords:
alzheimer’s diseaseneuroinflammationspinal cord injurystroketraumatic brain injury

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimmunology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Neurological disorders, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases, are significant causes of death and disability globally.
  • Africa faces a rapidly aging population, leading to a disproportionately fast increase in stroke and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • Traumatic brain and spinal cord injuries are a primary cause of disability among younger populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of neuroinflammation and neuroimmunology in neurological disorders.
  • To highlight the specific challenges and emerging issues in Africa, such as TBI and dementias.
  • To emphasize the often-overlooked role of neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis and consequences of non-communicable neurological diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuroimmunology and neuroinflammation research.
  • Focus on studies relevant to traumatic injuries, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Emphasis on African epidemiological data and health concerns.

Main Results:

  • Neuroinflammation significantly influences the outcomes of neurological disorders, exhibiting both protective and destructive capacities.
  • The role of neuroinflammation is crucial yet often underestimated in the study of non-communicable neurological diseases.
  • Emerging evidence links neuroimmune responses to the pathogenesis of conditions like dementia.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroinflammation is a central factor in the pathology of TBI, stroke, and neurodegenerative diseases.
  • Addressing neuroimmunological aspects is vital for managing neurological disorders, especially in vulnerable populations.
  • Further research into neuroinflammation is needed to combat the rising burden of neurological diseases in Africa.