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Author Spotlight: A Pharmacodissection Approach to Uncover Mechanisms in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Populations
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Cardiodiabetology: newer pharmacologic strategies for reducing cardiovascular disease risks

Nathan D Wong1

  • 1Heart Disease Prevention Program, Division of Cardiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697 USA.

Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
|June 30, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Managing diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk is crucial. Optimizing risk factors with lifestyle changes and medications, including SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists, is key for better patient outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Diabetes affects nearly 500 million adults globally, projected to reach 700 million by 2040.
  • Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death in individuals with diabetes.
  • Most patients with diabetes do not meet targets for critical CVD risk factors like LDL-cholesterol, blood pressure, and glycated hemoglobin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current strategies for optimizing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with diabetes.
  • To highlight the role of lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic interventions in CVD risk reduction.
  • To emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary approach in managing polypharmacy for CVD prevention in diabetes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on diabetes management and CVD risk reduction.
  • Analysis of pharmacologic therapies targeting lipids, blood pressure, and glucose control.
  • Discussion of evidence supporting specific medications like SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists for CVD and kidney protection.

Main Results:

  • Lifestyle management is foundational, but pharmacologic options are essential for risk factor optimization.
  • Medications including blood pressure drugs, statins, icosapent ethyl, SGLT2 inhibitors, and GLP-1 receptor agonists demonstrate CVD risk reduction.
  • SGLT2 inhibitors show additional benefits in reducing kidney disease progression and heart failure hospitalizations.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach is necessary to effectively manage multiple CVD risk factors in patients with diabetes.
  • Pharmacologic interventions play a vital role in achieving target risk factor levels and reducing cardiovascular events.
  • Emerging diabetes medications offer significant cardiovascular and renal protective benefits, improving overall patient prognosis.
Keywords:
GLP1 receptor agonistsSGLT2 inhibitorsagoniste des récepteurs du GLP1cardiovascular diseasediabetesdiabètefacteurs de risqueinhibiteurs du SGLT2maladies cardiovasculairesrisk assessmentrisk factorsstatinesstatinsévaluation du risque

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