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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

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The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
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Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

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Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
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Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes01:15

Non-Oral Extravascular Drug Absorption Routes

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Non-oral extravascular routes, which encompass sublingual, buccal, topical, intramuscular, and inhalation methods, primarily utilize passive diffusion to transport drugs into the systemic circulation. The absorption rates and effectiveness of these routes depend on the drug's physicochemical properties, as well as the patient's anatomical and pathophysiological state.
Lipophilic drugs that are stable at salivary pH (6) and exhibit minimal binding to the oral mucosa are absorbed more...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Overview01:22

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Drug administration involves delivering drugs to the body through various routes, such as enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral administration refers to drugs absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. They can be swallowed (perorally), placed under the tongue (sublingually), or on the inner lining of the cheeks (buccally). Perorally administered drugs take time to be absorbed and have a slower onset of action. The rectal route is another form of enteral administration, which allows for...
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Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route01:29

Drug Delivery: Parenteral Route

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The parenteral route is a critical method of drug administration. It delivers compounds directly into the systemic circulation and bypasses the gastrointestinal tract. This approach is particularly advantageous for drugs that exhibit poor absorption or instability when administered orally.
There are three primary parenteral routes: intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), and subcutaneous (SC). The IV route introduces the drug directly into the bloodstream, ensuring immediate action. The IM route...
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Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral01:25

Routes of Drug Administration: Parenteral

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The administration of drugs via parenteral routes allows for direct drug introduction into the systemic circulation, resulting in high bioavailability because the medication bypasses the harsh conditions of the gastrointestinal tract and hepatic metabolism.
The intravenous route (IV) of drug administration can be further categorized into two types. The bolus injection administers the entire dose rapidly, while an intravenous infusion slowly delivers smaller doses steadily.
The IV route is often...
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Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Visualizing and Quantifying Pharmaceutical Compounds within Skin using Coherent Raman Scattering Imaging
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Recent Developments in Ionic Liquid-Assisted Topical and Transdermal Drug Delivery.

Md Korban Ali1, Rahman Md Moshikur2, Masahiro Goto2,3

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, 7408, Bangladesh.

Pharmaceutical Research
|June 30, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Ionic liquids (ILs) offer tunable properties for advanced drug delivery systems. This review explores recent developments in IL-based topical and transdermal delivery, overcoming limitations of conventional methods.

Keywords:
BiocompatibilityIonic liquidMicroemulsionTopical and transdermal drug delivery

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Sciences
  • Chemical Engineering

Background:

  • Ionic liquids (ILs) are designer solvents with tunable physicochemical and biological properties.
  • ILs present an alternative to conventional organic solvents in pharmaceutical applications.
  • Second- and third-generation ILs are particularly useful for biocompatible drug delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in ionic liquid research for drug delivery.
  • To highlight conceptual developments in transdermal drug delivery using ILs.
  • To discuss the formation and application of IL-based topical and transdermal delivery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on ionic liquids in drug delivery.
  • Analysis of IL properties for pharmaceutical applications.
  • Discussion of technological advancements in IL-based delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • Ionic liquids offer tunable properties for optimizing drug formulations and delivery.
  • ILs can overcome challenges associated with conventional permeation enhancers.
  • Biocompatible ILs are effective in addressing limitations of topical and transdermal drug delivery.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic liquids show significant promise for advanced drug delivery systems.
  • Recent developments focus on IL-based transdermal delivery to improve permeability and reduce irritation.
  • ILs represent a versatile platform for developing next-generation drug delivery technologies.