Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 7, 2026

Preparation of Binary and Ternary Deep Eutectic Systems
Published on: October 31, 2019
Cellulose microfiber production from green seaweed Ulva lactuca using hydrated deep eutectic solvent
Rizfi Fariz Pari1,2, Safrina Dyah Hardiningtyas2, Wahyu Ramadhan2,3
1Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
Abstract:
We investigated the effectiveness of hydrated deep eutectic solvents (DESs) to achieve tunable seaweed cellulose microstructures from Ulva lactuca. Cellulose was extracted via a sequential chemical protocol, then treated with 30% DESs (choline chloride (ChCl) or betaine as hydrogen bond acceptors and urea, citric acid, or oxalic acid as donors) combined with mechanical shearing. While most DESs combinations yielded spherical seaweed cellulose microparticles (dry diameter of 605-777 nm), the ChCl:urea formulation successfully produced seaweed cellulose microfibers (SCMFs). These SCMFs exhibited superior quality (dry diameter of 372 nm), and water dispersibility with a hydrodynamic diameter of 134 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.23. Crucially, the DES composition dictated cellulose structure: ChCl:urea-treated SCMF remained predominantly amorphous, whereas other DESs treatments increased microparticles crystallinity. Furthermore, ChCl:oxalic acid introduced carboxyl functional groups. Selecting appropriate hydrated DESs thus offers a sustainable biotechnology tool to tune cellulose morphology, crystallinity, and surface chemistry.
Related Concept Videos
Solvents
A...
Aqueous Solutions and Heats of Hydration
When ionic compounds dissolve in water, the ions in the solid separate and disperse uniformly throughout the solution because water molecules surround and solvate the ions, reducing the strong electrostatic forces between them. This process...
Hydration of Cement
Titration in Nonaqueous Solvents
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...
Green Algae

