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Updated: Sep 6, 2025

Real-time fMRI Biofeedback Targeting the Orbitofrontal Cortex for Contamination Anxiety
Published on: January 20, 2012
Managing anxiety disorders with the neuro-biofeedback method of Brain Boy Universal Professional
Eleftheria Zafeiri1, Vasileios Dedes1, Kostantinos Tzirogiannis1
1Department of Nursing, University of Peloponnese.
Background:
Biofeedback is a non-invasive therapeutic method used independently or as an adjunct alongside other methods.
Objective:
This study evaluated the efficacy of biofeedback in the treatment of anxiety disorders.
Methods:
The sample consisted of 85 individuals with anxiety symptoms who underwent neuro-biofeedback therapy using Brain Boy Universal Professional. Anxiety was assessed by both the Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (HAM-A) and Zung Anxiety Self-Assessment Scale (SAS) before the initiation and after completing ten sessions with biofeedback.
Results:
Before biofeedback and based on the HAM-A scale, 27.0% of the individuals showed mild to moderate anxiety, 16.5% medium anxiety, and 56.5% severe anxiety. After the completion of biofeedback, 90.6% of the individuals experienced mild to moderate anxiety, 5.9% medium anxiety, and 3.5% severe anxiety. Based on the SAS scale, before biofeedback, 42.4% of the individuals showed minimal to moderate anxiety, 21.2% marked severe anxiety and 36.5% most extreme anxiety. After the biofeedback, 68.2% of the individuals were within a normal range, 27.1% had minimal to moderate anxiety, 4.7% marked severe anxiety, and none in most extreme anxiety.
Conclusion:
Both HAMA-A and SAS scales showed statistically reduced anxiety levels after biofeedback therapy. Thus, the primary symptom of anxiety can be addressed by the biofeedback method.
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