What Young People Think About Music, Rhythm and Trauma: An Action Research Study

Area of Science:

• Psychology
• Music Therapy
• Child Development

Background:

• Trauma theories suggest rhythm can regulate arousal.
• Limited research explores young people's perspectives on rhythm-based trauma interventions.
• Out-of-home care children often experience adverse events impacting arousal regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To explore young people's preferences for rhythm-based music therapy activities.
• To understand the role of rhythm in supporting children with adverse experiences.
• To adapt music therapy approaches based on participant feedback.

Main Methods:

• Action research with four groups of children in out-of-home care over 12 months.
• Iterative cycles of activity, reflection, and adjustment in music therapy sessions.
• Exploration of structured vs. semi-structured activities and relationship-building strategies.

Main Results:

• Initial highly structured rhythm activities were difficult for children to engage with.
• Semi-structured activities with creativity and self-direction were enjoyed, but too much freedom was overwhelming.
• A balance of structure and responsiveness, enhanced by individual sessions, proved successful.
• Young people valued moments of co-regulation, where their own rhythms were matched, leading to feelings of safety, pleasure, and peace.

Conclusions:

• Co-regulation, not just entrainment to external rhythm, was key for young people's comfort.
• Music making with trusted adults fostered contentment and relaxation, differing from expectations of expanded arousal tolerance.
• Rhythm-based music therapy can be effective when adapted to children's needs for safety and connection.