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Diabetes: how to manage patients experiencing hypoglycaemia
Rachel N Lowe1, Briana Williams2, Liza W Claus1
1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Colorado Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Aurora, CO, USA.
Drugs in Context
|July 1, 2022
Summary
Hypoglycaemia management in diabetes requires prompt glucose administration for conscious patients. For unconscious patients, glucagon or dextrose is used, with newer glucagon formulations improving emergency treatment.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology and Metabolism
- Diabetes Management
Background:
- Hypoglycaemia is a significant complication in managing type 1 and type 2 diabetes.
- It acts as a barrier to achieving optimal glycaemic control despite technological advancements.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review definitions, risk factors, and management strategies for hypoglycaemia.
- To discuss treatment options for conscious and unconscious patients in various settings.
- To explore available glucagon formulations for emergency hypoglycaemia treatment.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on hypoglycaemia definitions, risk factors, and treatment protocols.
- Analysis of management strategies for conscious and unconscious patients (outpatient and inpatient).
- Evaluation of different glucagon formulations and their administration requirements.
Main Results:
- Rapid-acting glucose is the primary treatment for conscious hypoglycaemic patients.
- Intravenous (IV) dextrose is recommended for unconscious patients with IV access.
- Glucagon is preferred for unconscious patients without IV access; newer formulations offer improved usability.
Conclusions:
- Effective hypoglycaemia management is crucial for optimal diabetes control.
- Treatment choice depends on patient consciousness and available resources (IV access).
- Advancements in glucagon formulations enhance emergency treatment efficacy and ease of use.
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