Sonic boom reflection over an isolated building and multiple buildings

Sonic boom reflection is investigated over an isolated building and multiple buildings using numerical simulations. For that, the two-dimensional Euler equations are solved using high-order finite-difference techniques. Three urban geometries are considered for two boom waves, a classical N-wave and a low-boom wave. First, the variations of the pressure waveforms and the corresponding perceived noise are analyzed along an isolated building. The influence of the building is limited to an illuminated region at its front and a shadow region at its rear, whose size depends on the building's height and the Mach number. Two buildings are then considered. In addition to arrivals related to reflection on the building facades or to diffraction at the building corners, low-frequency oscillations, associated with resonances, are noticed in the street canyon. Their amplitude depends on the street width and on the incident boom frequency contents. Despite their significance, these low-frequency oscillations have little impact on the perceived noise. Finally, a periodic distribution of identical buildings is examined. The duration of the waveforms is notably increased due to multiple diffraction and canyon resonances. Variations in perceived noise at ground level are moderate for large streets, but become noticeable as the street width reduces.