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Related Concept Videos

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:30

Hypertension III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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Hypertension is asymptomatic and also referred to as the "silent killer" until it progresses to a severe stage or causes target organ disease. Patients may experience symptoms stemming from the strain on blood vessels and tissues in various organs or the heart's increased workload.Physical exams might show no abnormalities other than high blood pressure. Signs of vascular damage, when present, correspond to the organs supplied by the affected vessels, leading to target organ damage. For...
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Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure01:18

Hypertension and Regulation of Blood Pressure

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Hypertension, the most common cardiovascular disease, is diagnosed through repeated measurements of elevated blood pressure. Its risks, including damage to the kidney, heart, and brain, are directly proportional to blood pressure levels. Starting from 115/75 mm Hg, the risk of cardiovascular disease doubles with each increment of 20/10 mm Hg. The diagnosis relies on blood pressure measurements, not on patient symptoms, as hypertension is often asymptomatic until end-organ damage is imminent or...
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Special considerations while measuring blood pressure01:28

Special considerations while measuring blood pressure

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When assessing blood pressure (BP), healthcare professionals must consider various factors and potential unexpected outcomes to ensure accurate readings and provide proper patient care. Adhering to these guidelines is essential to achieving the most reliable results.
Monitoring Both Arms:
Monitoring BP in both arms during the initial assessment is advisable, as the systolic value may differ by five to ten mm Hg between arms. For subsequent BP assessments, use the arm with the higher reading.
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Hypertension I: Introduction01:28

Hypertension I: Introduction

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Hypertension is a widespread, long-term medical condition where blood pressure in the arteries remains elevated. It is characterized by systolic blood pressure readings of 130 mm Hg or above or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) readings of 80 mm Hg or higher. Unmanaged hypertension poses significant health risks, making the distinction between primary (or essential) hypertension and secondary hypertension crucial, as their management and implications vary.Primary HypertensionPrimary hypertension,...
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Factors affecting Blood pressure01:28

Factors affecting Blood pressure

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Several physiological and lifestyle factors influence blood pressure (BP). Understanding these factors is crucial as they are significant in patient education and blood pressure management.
Physiological Factors:
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Hypertension II: Pathophysiology01:29

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Hypertension is a chronic condition in which the blood's force against artery walls is excessively high, posing risks such as heart disease. The condition's underlying mechanisms involve complex interactions among the cardiovascular, kidney, and autonomic nervous systems.Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS): This system significantly influences blood pressure regulation. When blood pressure decreases, the kidneys secrete renin. This enzyme transforms angiotensinogen, a plasma protein,...
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Non-invasive Assessment of Microvascular and Endothelial Function
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It is not always "essential" - regarding a hypertensive urgency.

Filipa Leal1, Luís Nogueira1, João Almeida Pinto2

  • 1Medicina Interna do Centro Hospitalar do Tâmega e Sousa, Portugal.

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Summary

Hypertension can stem from treatable causes like fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD). Endovascular treatment proved vital for managing this young woman's renal artery FMD and high blood pressure.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Hypertension is often idiopathic but can be secondary to identifiable and potentially treatable causes.
  • Identifying the specific etiology of elevated blood pressure is crucial for effective management.
  • Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a rare vascular condition that can lead to secondary hypertension.

Observation:

  • A case study involving a young woman presenting with severe hypertension.
  • Diagnostic evaluation revealed fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) affecting the renal artery as the underlying cause.
  • The patient's hypertension was directly linked to the renal artery stenosis caused by FMD.

Findings:

  • Endovascular treatment, specifically angioplasty, was employed to address the renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia.
  • The intervention successfully managed the blood pressure elevation in the patient.
  • This case highlights the successful application of endovascular techniques in treating FMD-induced hypertension.

Implications:

  • This case underscores the importance of investigating secondary causes of hypertension, particularly in younger individuals.
  • Endovascular therapy represents a critical and effective management option for renal artery fibromuscular dysplasia.
  • Successful treatment of the underlying vascular pathology can lead to significant improvements in blood pressure control.