Modulation of oxidative stress and gut microbiota by selenium-containing peptides from Cardamine enshiensis and...

The antioxidant properties of Se-containing peptides from Cardamine enshiensis (SeCPPs) and their impact on gut microbiota were studied in d-galactose (d-gal)- injected mice and antibiotic-treated mice. The structures of SeCPPs were identified by UPLC-Q-Extractive Orbitrap MS. In d-gal ageing mice, SeCPPs were associated with significantly decreased acetyl cholinesterase (AchE) activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, increased glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, downregulated tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) levels (p < 0.05), and improved memory. In antibiotic-treated mice, SeCPPs were associated with reduced Proteobacteria and evaluated Akkermansia abundances (p < 0.01). Eighty-five Se-containing peptides were identified in SeCPPs. Peptides such as RV-SeM-I, RA-SeM-T and R-SeC-K showed low binding energy with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and their binding affinities were confirmed by molecular docking. Overall, compared with Na₂SeO₃ and SeMet, SeCPPs showed superior antioxidant activity via their association with higher antioxidant enzyme activity, scavenging free radical properties and gut microbiome modulation.