Ternary heterostructures of 1D/2D/2D CuCo₂S₄/CuS/Ti₃C₂ MXene: Boosted amperometric sensing for chlorpyrifos

Multicomponent heterogeneous Ti₃C₂ transition metal carbide (MXene)-based materials are receiving extensive research attention due to their interesting synergistic interactions and catalytic properties. However, the morphology-controllable synthesis of heterostructures as structural stabilizers for Ti₃C₂ MXene remains a challenge owing the complicated synthesis procedure. In this work, a kind of ternary heterogeneous nanomaterials CuCo₂S₄/CuS/Ti₃C₂ MXene with a nanorod/nanoplate/nanosheet hybrid architecture is constructed through a one-step low-temperature solvothermal method. The well-designed ternary one-dimensional (1D)/two-dimensional (2D)/2D CuCo₂S₄/CuS/Ti₃C₂ MXene heteromaterials exhibit synergistic improvements in substrate-catalyzed reactions for electrochemical acetylcholinesterase (AChE) biosensor. The Michaelis-Menten constant for the Nafion/AChE/CuCo₂S₄/CuS/Ti₃C₂ MXene/GCE biosensor is 228 μM, which is smaller than ones reported in previous literatures, indicating a higher affinity of the fabricated enzyme biosensor to acetylthiocholine chloride. The biosensor exhibits a well linear relationship with chlorpyrifos concentration ranging from 2.852 × 10^-12 M to 2.852 × 10^-6 M. The multicomponent 1D/2D/2D CuCo₂S₄/CuS/Ti₃C₂ MXene heteromaterial may shine a light in more electrochemical applications.