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Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

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Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
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Complement System01:27

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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The Role of Complement in HSCT-TMA: Basic Science to Clinical Practice.

Seppo Meri1, Donald Bunjes2, Roxanne Cofiell3

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|July 5, 2022
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Summary

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA) is a serious complication. Early recognition and complement-targeted therapies are crucial for improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
ComplementHSCT-TMAHematopoietic stem cell transplantationThrombotic microangiopathy

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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation-associated thrombotic microangiopathy (HSCT-TMA) is a frequent and severe complication post-transplant.
  • The complement system plays a key role in HSCT-TMA pathogenesis, interacting with coagulation and inflammation pathways.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the current understanding of HSCT-TMA.
  • To explain the underlying complement biology in HSCT-TMA.
  • To provide tools for early recognition, management, and monitoring of HSCT-TMA.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging evidence on HSCT-TMA pathogenesis.
  • Identification of risk factors and diagnostic signs/symptoms.
  • Analysis of complement-targeted therapies' utility.

Main Results:

  • HSCT-TMA requires three endothelial cell-damaging 'hits' for genesis.
  • Risk factors and diagnostic criteria for HSCT-TMA are established.
  • Complement-targeted therapies show significant utility in HSCT-TMA treatment.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt identification and management of HSCT-TMA are vital.
  • Complement system modulation is a promising therapeutic strategy.
  • Increased awareness and further research are needed to optimize HSCT-TMA care.