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Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism

Materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt consist of magnetic domains, within which the magnetic dipoles are arranged parallel to each other. The magnetic dipoles are rigidly aligned in the same direction within a domain by quantum mechanical coupling among the atoms. This coupling is so strong that even thermal agitation at room temperature cannot break it. The result is that each domain has a net dipole moment. However, some materials have weaker coupling, and are ferromagnetic at lower...

Diamagnetism

Diamagnetism

Materials consisting of paired electrons have zero net magnetic moments. However, when these materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Such materials are called diamagnets. Diamagnetism is the response of the diamagnets when placed in an external magnetic field.
Diamagnetism was discovered by Anton Brugmans in 1778 when he observed that bismuth gets repelled by magnetic fields, thus theorizing that diamagnets get repelled by magnets....

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

Colors and Magnetism

Colors and Magnetism

Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...

Paramagnetism

Paramagnetism

Paramagnets are materials with unpaired electrons that possess a finite magnetic moment. In the absence of a magnetic field, these moments are randomly oriented, and thus the net moment is zero. Under an external field, a torque acting on the moments tends to align them along the field's direction. However, the random thermal motion of electrons produces a torque opposite to the external field and tries to disorient the moments. These two competing effects align only a few moments along the...

Magnetism

Magnetism

Magnets are commonly found in everyday objects, such as toys, hangers, elevators, doorbells, and computer devices. Experimentation on these magnets shows that all magnets have two poles: one is labeled north (N) and the other south (S). Magnetic poles repel if they are alike and attract if unlike. Moreover, both poles of a magnet attract unmagnetized pieces of iron.
An individual magnetic pole cannot be isolated. No matter how small, every piece of a magnet contains a north pole and a south...

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Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains

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Published on: July 20, 2022

Artificial Antiferromagnets Possessing Extended Zero-, One-, Two-, and Three-Dimensional Structures.

Joel S Miller¹

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, 84112-0850, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)

|July 5, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Artificial antiferromagnets, crucial for giant magnetic effect (GMR) and spintronics, are now synthesized chemically. These materials show promise for advanced spin current applications.

Keywords:

artificial/synthetic antiferromagnets extended 3D-network structures extended chain structures extended layer structures magnetic ordering

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Methods of Ex Situ and In Situ Investigations of Structural Transformations: The Case of Crystallization of Metallic Glasses

Published on: June 7, 2018

Area of Science:

Condensed matter physics
Materials science
Nanotechnology

Background:

Layered artificial antiferromagnets are key components in spintronics and giant magnetic effect (GMR) discoveries.
Traditional fabrication involves atom deposition, creating nanometer-scale magnetic layers coupled antiferromagnetically.
Recent advancements include synthetic chemical methods for producing insulating artificial antiferromagnets.

Purpose of the Study:

To explore the synthesis and properties of artificial antiferromagnets.
To extend the concept of artificial antiferromagnets beyond 2D layered structures.
To investigate the potential of insulating artificial antiferromagnets for spin current applications.

Main Methods:

Atom deposition techniques for layered structures.
Synthetic chemical methods for novel antiferromagnetic materials.
Characterization of magnetic coupling and spin propagation properties.

Main Results:

Successful fabrication of layered artificial antiferromagnets via atom deposition.
Development of synthetic chemical routes to insulating artificial antiferromagnets.
Extension of artificial antiferromagnet structures to 0D, 1D, and 3D.

Conclusions:

Artificial antiferromagnets have evolved significantly from layered structures to chemically synthesized materials.
Insulating artificial antiferromagnets offer enhanced spin current propagation compared to dielectrics.
Future applications in spintronics and advanced memory technologies are anticipated.