Cardiovascular disease risk in people with severe mental disorders: an update and call for action
Linn Rødevand1, Martin Tesli1,2, Ole A Andreassen1
1NORMENT, Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo.
Insights
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of early death in severe mental disorders (SMDs). Addressing genetic and social factors is crucial for developing targeted interventions to reduce CVD mortality in this population.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Psychiatry
- Cardiology
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a significant contributor to premature mortality among individuals with severe mental disorders (SMDs).
- Despite medical advancements, CVD comorbidity in SMDs remains persistently high.
- Understanding the interplay of genetic, socioeconomic, and psychosocial factors is critical for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated review of CVD mortality and morbidity in SMDs.
- To examine associated socioeconomic, psychosocial, and genetic factors.
- To propose directions for enhanced interventions aimed at reducing CVD in this vulnerable population.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on CVD in SMDs.
- Analysis of epidemiological data on CVD mortality and morbidity.
- Synthesis of research on genetic, psychosocial, and socioeconomic determinants of CVD comorbidity.
Main Results:
- CVD mortality and morbidity rates in SMDs have remained high over recent decades.
- Psychosocial and socioeconomic challenges are prevalent in both SMDs and CVD.
- Emerging evidence suggests shared genetic variants associated with SMDs, CVD risk, and social factors.
Conclusions:
- The high level of CVD comorbidity indicates a need for more effective interventions for individuals with SMDs.
- A complex interaction between genetic predisposition and social vulnerability influences CVD risk, varying among patient subgroups.
- Further research is essential to develop earlier and more efficient preventive strategies and interventions for comorbid CVD in SMDs.
Purpose Of Review:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of premature death in people with severe mental disorders (SMDs). This review provides an update on the level of CVD mortality and morbidity, as well as the socioeconomic, psychosocial and genetic factors associated with the comorbidity, and offer directions for improved interventions to reduce CVD in SMDs.
Recent Findings:
The level of CVD mortality and morbidity has sustained high in people with SMDs during the past decades, but the causal mechanism must be further elucidated. Psychosocial and socioeconomic challenges are frequent in SMDs as well as in CVD. Further, recent studies have revealed genetic variants jointly associated with SMDs, CVD risk and social factors. These findings highlight the need for more targeted interventions, prediction tools and psychosocial approaches to comorbid CVD in SMDs.
Summary:
The level of CVD comorbidity remains high in SMDs, indicating that most people with SMDs have not benefitted from recent medical advances. A complex interplay between genetic and social vulnerability to CVD, which differs across subgroups of patients, seems to be involved. Further research is required to meet the urgent need for earlier, more efficient intervention approaches and preventive strategies for comorbid CVD in SMD.
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