Virus-Like Particles Are Efficient Tools for Boosting mRNA-Induced Antibodies

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Vaccinology
• Virology

Background:

• Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have been highly effective against COVID-19.
• Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) necessitate strategies to maintain robust antibody responses.
• Heterologous prime-boost vaccination is being explored to enhance vaccine efficacy, address supply issues, and improve safety.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate antibody responses induced by heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategies for COVID-19.
• To compare antibody responses between homologous and heterologous prime-boost regimens using mRNA and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines.
• To evaluate the potential of heterologous prime-boost strategies for optimizing vaccine efficacy and economics.

Main Methods:

• Utilized the VLP-based mCuMV_TT-RBM vaccine candidate and the approved mRNA-1273 vaccine.
• Administered homologous prime-boost regimens (mRNA-mRNA or VLP-VLP).
• Administered heterologous prime-boost regimens (mRNA-VLP or VLP-mRNA).

Main Results:

• Homologous prime-boost regimens with either mRNA or VLP vaccines induced high levels of high avidity antibodies.
• Heterologous prime-boost regimens, regardless of the order (mRNA-VLP or VLP-mRNA), induced optimal antibody responses.
• These findings suggest enhanced immunogenicity with mixed vaccine platforms.

Conclusions:

• Heterologous prime-boost vaccination strategies can optimize COVID-19 vaccine efficacy.
• Combining mRNA and VLP vaccine platforms offers a promising approach for improved immune responses.
• This strategy holds potential for enhancing the economic viability of novel vaccine development.