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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

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A randomized diet-induced weight-loss intervention reduces plasma complement C3: Possible implication for endothelial

Shunxin Jin1, Yvo H A M Kusters1,2, Alfons J H M Houben1

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Weight loss interventions can reduce complement C3 levels in men with obesity, potentially improving cardiovascular health by reducing endothelial dysfunction. This highlights a key mechanism linking weight management to reduced cardiovascular disease risk.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Metabolic Research
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Elevated complement C3 and alternative pathway components are linked to obesity.
  • Complement C3 is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Understanding C3 regulation in obesity is crucial for cardiovascular risk mitigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a weight-loss intervention on plasma C3, C3a, and factor D levels.
  • To explore the biological effects of reduced C3 following weight loss.
  • To determine the relationship between C3 reduction and improvements in endothelial dysfunction markers.

Main Methods:

  • Plasma C3, C3a, and factor D were quantified using ELISA.
  • Visceral adipose tissue, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and intrahepatic lipid were assessed via MRI.
  • Men with obesity underwent an 8-week dietary weight-loss intervention or maintained their habitual diet.

Main Results:

  • The weight-loss intervention significantly reduced plasma C3 levels.
  • C3 reduction was primarily associated with decreased visceral adipose tissue, not subcutaneous adipose tissue or intrahepatic lipid.
  • Reduced C3 partially explained improvements in endothelial dysfunction markers, including soluble endothelial selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule.

Conclusions:

  • Diet-induced weight loss in men with abdominal obesity effectively lowers plasma C3.
  • C3 reduction may mediate the beneficial effects of weight loss on endothelial function.
  • Lowering C3 through weight management could be a strategy to ameliorate cardiovascular disease risk in obese individuals.