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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

Overview of the Skull

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Treatment of Facial Deformities using 3D Planning and Printing of Patient-Specific Implants
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Syndromic Synostosis: Frontofacial Surgery.

Kevin Chen1, Katelyn Kondra1, Eric Nagengast2

  • 1Division of Plastic and Maxillofacial Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, 4650 West Sunset Boulevard, Mailstop 96, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.

Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics of North America
|July 5, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Frontofacial surgery offers comprehensive facial balance improvement for pediatric patients with genetic syndromes and craniosynostosis. Simultaneous surgical treatment addresses frontal, midface, and orbital abnormalities effectively.

Keywords:
Facial bipartitionFrontofacial surgeryMonoblocOrbital box osteotomiesSyndromic craniosynostosis

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Area of Science:

  • Craniofacial Surgery
  • Pediatric Plastic Surgery
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Complex pediatric craniofacial anomalies often involve genetic syndromes and craniosynostosis.
  • Early cranial vault surgery may not fully correct frontal and midface hypoplasia.
  • These conditions require multidisciplinary management throughout childhood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the role of frontofacial surgery in treating complex pediatric craniofacial conditions.
  • To emphasize the benefits of simultaneous surgical correction of frontal bone, midface, and orbital abnormalities.
  • To underscore the importance of an interdisciplinary team approach for optimal patient outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Frontofacial surgery techniques, including monobloc osteotomy (with or without facial bipartition) and box osteotomy.
  • Comprehensive management by an interdisciplinary team (surgeons, pediatricians, geneticists, therapists, etc.).
  • Surgical correction of frontal and midface hypoplasia and orbital abnormalities.

Main Results:

  • Simultaneous frontofacial surgery provides comprehensive improvement in facial balance.
  • Effective management of residual frontal and/or midface hypoplasia and orbital abnormalities.
  • Improved outcomes for pediatric patients with genetic syndromes and craniosynostosis.

Conclusions:

  • Frontofacial surgery is a key treatment for complex pediatric craniofacial deformities.
  • An interdisciplinary team approach is crucial for managing these challenging cases.
  • Simultaneous surgical correction leads to better facial aesthetics and function.