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Abstract concepts: external influences, internal constraints, and methodological issues.

Anna M Borghi1,2, Samuel Shaki3, Martin H Fischer4

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Abstract concepts are not detached from our physical experiences. This review shows how perception, action, language, and social interaction shape our understanding of abstract ideas.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Science
  • Linguistics
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • The traditional view posits abstract concepts are remote from sensory experiences.
  • This review challenges this notion by examining evidence for embodied cognition in abstract concept processing.

Approach:

  • Synthesizes current research on external influences and internal constraints on abstract concepts.
  • Reviews studies on perception, action, language, and social interaction in abstract concept acquisition.
  • Explores cultural and internal factors like inner speech and interoception.

Key Points:

  • Abstract concepts are grounded in perception and action, contrary to prior definitions.
  • Magnitude-related concepts show cultural variations in abstract knowledge.
  • Internal processes (inner speech, metacognition, interoception) significantly impact abstract knowledge retrieval.

Conclusions:

  • Bodily, linguistic, and social factors are crucial constraints on abstract conceptual knowledge.
  • Methodological advancements are needed, particularly for studying concepts in interactive social contexts.
  • Rethinking abstract cognition requires integrating embodied and grounded perspectives.