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Automatic control of anesthesia using two feedback variables.

G F Schils, F J Sasse, V C Rideout

    Annals of Biomedical Engineering
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A novel ON/OFF controller for halothane anesthesia offers improved robustness and faster response times compared to traditional methods. This new system effectively manages anesthetic depth using mean arterial blood pressure and EEG frequency.

    Area of Science:

    • Anesthesiology
    • Control Engineering
    • Biomedical Engineering

    Background:

    • Anesthesia delivery requires precise control of anesthetic agents like halothane.
    • Existing proportional-plus-integral controllers with time-delay compensation lack robustness in clinical settings.
    • Anesthetic agents affect multiple physiological variables, complicating control.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and evaluate a robust ON/OFF controller for halothane anesthesia.
    • To implement a control strategy for managing multiple physiological effects of anesthetics.
    • To compare the performance of an ON/OFF controller against a proportional-plus-integral controller.

    Main Methods:

    • Computer simulations and animal trials were used to assess controller performance.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • An ON/OFF controller was designed and implemented for halothane administration.
  • Mean arterial blood pressure and electroencephalogram (EEG) frequency were selected as controlled variables.
  • A coordinator was developed to manage system state towards desired variable values.

    • Main Results:

    • The ON/OFF controller demonstrated superior robustness to parameter mismatches compared to the proportional-plus-integral controller.
    • Animal trials confirmed a short response time and acceptable steady-state tracking with the ON/OFF controller.
    • The developed method effectively switched the controlled effects of halothane.

    Conclusions:

    • The ON/OFF controller is a robust and effective alternative for halothane anesthesia delivery.
    • This control strategy can manage multiple physiological effects of anesthetics using key variables.
    • The findings support the clinical applicability of advanced control systems in anesthesia.