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Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

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Related Experiment Video

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Experimental Methods for Efficient Solar Hydrogen Production in Microgravity Environment

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High Hydrogen Isotope Separation Efficiency: Graphene or Catalyst?

Xiaochong Xue^1,2, XinXin Chu¹, Mingjun Zhang^1,2

¹Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|July 6, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Graphene membranes show promise for hydrogen isotope separation in water electrolysis. However, decorated platinum catalysts, not graphene itself, are responsible for the high separation efficiency observed.

Keywords:

CVD graphene density functional theory calculation hydrogen isotope separation kinetic isotope effect proton exchange membrane water electrolysis sputtered catalyst transition state theory tritium separation

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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor

Published on: March 10, 2023

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Chemical Engineering

Background:

Single-layer graphene is known for hydrogen isotope sieving in electrochemical hydrogen pumping.
Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a key industrial technology.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate graphene's role in hydrogen isotope separation within PEMWE systems.
To clarify the contribution of decorated catalysts versus graphene to separation efficiency.

Main Methods:

Fabrication and testing of two membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) in PEMWE.
Utilizing decorated and ink-coated platinum catalysts.
Applying serial-parallel circuit modeling and density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

Main Results:

A decorated Pt/graphene membrane achieved a proton-to-tritium separation factor of 19.50.
The decorated platinum catalyst, not graphene, was identified as the primary driver of separation efficiency.
DFT calculations and kinetic isotope effect analysis explained graphene's limited separation contribution.

Conclusions:

The high separation efficiency in previous studies was attributed to the catalyst, not the graphene membrane itself.
Graphene's role in hydrogen isotope separation within PEMWE requires re-evaluation.
Understanding proton transfer mechanisms is crucial for optimizing isotope separation technologies.