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Developing and validating SARS-CoV-2 assays for nonhuman primate surveillance.

JoAnn Yee1, Amanda Carpenter1, Peter Nham1

  • 1Primate Assay Laboratory, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, USA.

Journal of Medical Primatology
|July 7, 2022
PubMed
Summary

California National Primate Research Center developed SARS-CoV-2 surveillance for nonhuman primates. Multiplex microbead immunofluorescent assays (MMIA) showed high specificity, and no spontaneous infections were confirmed in over 20,000 animals.

Keywords:
RT-PCRantibodydiagnostic testing algorithm

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Immunology
  • Primate Research

Background:

  • Early 2020 SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic posed a significant threat to nonhuman primate colonies.
  • Effective surveillance was crucial for early detection and containment of the virus in research settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To implement and validate sensitive diagnostic assays for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in nonhuman primates.
  • To assess the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection within the California National Primate Research Center colony and other NIH-sponsored centers.

Main Methods:

  • Development and validation of multi-antigen enzyme immunoassay and multiplex microbead immunofluorescent assay (MMIA) platforms for antibody detection.
  • Utilized RT-PCR for viral RNA detection.
  • Employed a screen-and-confirm algorithm for serological testing.

Main Results:

  • The 4plex MMIA demonstrated high specificity (93.8-97.1%) for various SARS-CoV-2 antigens.
  • Antibodies were detected in all 16 experimentally infected animals.
  • Out of 2441 surveillance samples, 141 were screen-reactive, but no animals tested positive for both nucleocapsid and spike antigens simultaneously.
  • Over 20,000 animals tested across NIH centers showed no confirmed spontaneous SARS-CoV-2 infections.

Conclusions:

  • Validated MMIA assays are effective tools for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in nonhuman primates.
  • The implemented surveillance program has successfully monitored and prevented the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within primate research centers.
  • No evidence of widespread spontaneous SARS-CoV-2 infection was found in the studied nonhuman primate populations.