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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

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A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
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IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the...
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When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
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Attenuated total reflectance (ATR) infrared spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used to study the composition of materials. It is widely employed in chemistry, materials science, forensic science, and other fields where sample characterization is required. ATR has several advantages over traditional transmission IR spectroscopy, including the requirement of little to no sample preparation and the ability to analyze a wide range of samples.
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Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Qualitative Identification of Carboxylic Acids, Boronic Acids, and Amines Using Cruciform Fluorophores
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Explanation for the selective crystallization from inosine solutions using mid-frequency Raman difference spectra

Fenghua Chen1, Chenmei Yang1, Xinyu Cheng2

  • 1School of Resources and Chemical Engineering, Sanming University Sanming 365004 Fujian China rensz@fjsmu.edu.cn rongrongxue@fjsmu.edu.cn.

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|July 8, 2022
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Summary

Mid-frequency Raman difference spectra (MFRDS) reveals selective crystallization by comparing solution and solid phase structures. This method predicts precipitation products for small organic molecules.

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Area of Science:

  • Solid-state chemistry and materials science
  • Spectroscopy and analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Selective crystallization of small organic molecules from solutions is crucial in pharmaceutical and chemical industries.
  • Understanding the relationship between solution and solid-state structures is key to controlling crystallization outcomes.
  • Mid-frequency Raman difference spectra (MFRDS) offers a method to probe short-range order in solutions and solids.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the utility of MFRDS for analyzing selective crystallization of inosine (IR).
  • To correlate the short-range order structures in different inosine solutions and solid phases.
  • To establish MFRDS as a predictive tool for crystallization products.

Main Methods:

  • Preparation and characterization of four solid phases of inosine: α-anhydrous IR, β-anhydrous IR, IR dihydrate (IRD), and amorphous IR (AmIR).
  • Preparation and characterization of two inosine solutions: aqueous and 70 vol% DMSO aqueous solution.
  • Application of Mid-frequency Raman difference spectra (MFRDS) analysis to assess structural similarities.

Main Results:

  • MFRDS analysis demonstrated high structural similarity between the IR aqueous solution and IRD/AmIR solid phases, explaining their selective formation.
  • MFRDS indicated a high structural similarity between the IR 70 vol% DMSO solution and β-IR, predicting its selective precipitation.
  • The formation of α-IR from aqueous solution was proposed to involve AmIR as an intermediate phase, supported by MFRDS findings.

Conclusions:

  • MFRDS is an effective technique for elucidating the origins of selective crystallization by comparing short-range order.
  • The study highlights the role of solution structure in determining solid-state precipitation products for inosine.
  • MFRDS serves as a robust tool for explaining and predicting crystallization outcomes in small organic molecule systems.