Genome-wide transcriptomic changes reveal the genetic pathways involved in insect migration.

Area of Science:

• * Entomology and Evolutionary Biology: Focuses on insect migration and the genetic basis of migratory syndromes.

Background:

• * Insect migration is crucial for ecosystem function but its genetic underpinnings are poorly understood.
• * Migratory hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) are vital pollinators and biocontrol agents, making them an excellent model for studying migration.

Purpose of the Study:

• * To assemble a high-quality genome for the marmalade hoverfly (Episyrphus balteatus).
• * To compare transcriptomes of migrating and non-migrating hoverflies to identify genes involved in migration.

Main Methods:

• * Genome assembly of Episyrphus balteatus.
• * Genome-wide transcriptomic analysis comparing actively migrating and non-migrating hoverflies.

Main Results:

• * Identified 1543 differentially expressed genes in migrating hoverflies.
• * These genes are involved in metabolism, muscle function, hormonal regulation, immunity, stress resistance, behavior, longevity, and sensory perception.
• * Key pathways like insulin signaling and JAK/STAT are modified for diapause, immunity, and enhanced flight.

Conclusions:

• * Provides a valuable genomic resource for insect migration research.
• * Highlights the integration and modification of conserved pathways contributing to the migratory phenotype.
• * Offers insights into the genetic architecture of a complex life-history strategy in insects.