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Related Concept Videos

Language and Cognition01:27

Language and Cognition

432
Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
432
Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language01:10

Higher Mental Functions of the Brain: Language

1.0K
Language is a system of communication that allows the expression of thoughts, ideas, and feelings. The brain processes language in both hemispheres.
Language formation and comprehension take place in the dominant hemisphere. The dominant hemisphere is responsible for understanding the meaning of spoken, written, or sign language, as well as the ability to communicate. For most people, the left hemisphere is the dominant one. The right hemisphere, then, gives tone and emotional context to the...
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Language Development01:22

Language Development

443
Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
The critical period for language acquisition suggests that the ability to acquire language is at its peak early in life. As people age, this proficiency decreases. Language development begins very...
443

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 5, 2025

Measuring Statistical Learning Across Modalities and Domains in School-Aged Children Via an Online Platform and Neuroimaging Techniques
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Study protocol: a comprehensive multi-method neuroimaging approach to disentangle developmental effects and

W M Menks1,2, C Ekerdt3, G Janzen3,4

  • 1Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, and Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands. Willeke.Menks@mpi.nl.

BMC Psychology
|July 8, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study investigates how brain development impacts second language (L2) learning across ages 8-25. Researchers created behavioral and neural "fingerprints" to understand age-related and individual differences in grammar and word acquisition.

Keywords:
DevelopmentDiffusion weighted magnetic resonance imagingFunctional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)Grammar learningIndividual differencesResting-state connectivitySecond language acquisitionStructural neuroimagingWhite matter microstructureWord learning

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistics

Background:

  • Second language (L2) learning success varies with age and individuals.
  • Underlying neural mechanisms for L2 learning shifts and individual differences remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate behavioral and neural factors in new grammar and word learning.
  • Understand developmental shifts and individual differences in L2 acquisition.
  • Map age-based and individual variability in language learning.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 360 individuals aged 8-25 for a cross-sectional study.
  • Collected comprehensive behavioral data (language proficiency, memory, executive function).
  • Acquired extensive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data (T1, diffusion, resting-state, functional MRI).

Main Results:

  • Developed behavioral and neural "fingerprints" for each participant.
  • Half the sample learned new language grammar, the other half learned new words.
  • Combined fingerprints to explore neural maturation effects on L2 learning.

Conclusions:

  • This is one of the largest neuroimaging studies on L2 learning development.
  • Combined data will illuminate mechanisms of developmental shifts and individual differences.
  • Results will clarify how brain development influences L2 learning success.