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Updated: Sep 5, 2025

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COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Critical Time Period Analysis.

John R Kues1, Jacqueline M Knapke1, Shereen Elshaer2,3

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Over 83% of surveyed individuals received COVID-19 vaccines. Unvaccinated respondents cited vaccine effectiveness and safety as primary concerns, highlighting the need for targeted public health strategies.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic presented unprecedented public health challenges, necessitating widespread adoption of preventive behaviors and vaccination.
  • The period of January-May 2021 was critical, marked by rising cases, deaths, and vaccine rollout amidst significant socio-political events.
  • These events influenced public trust in science, government, and perceptions of individual rights regarding health mandates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess COVID-19 vaccine behavior among a surveyed population.
  • To explore attitudes and motivations toward receiving the COVID-19 vaccine.
  • To identify trusted sources of information regarding vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a survey collecting data from nearly 1400 respondents.
  • Analyzed vaccine uptake, hesitancy, and demographic differences.
  • Examined concerns regarding vaccine effectiveness and safety.

Main Results:

  • Over 83% of respondents reported being at least partially vaccinated against COVID-19.
  • Among unvaccinated individuals (n=246), 31.3% expressed likelihood to get vaccinated when available.
  • Top concerns for unvaccinated individuals were vaccine effectiveness (41.1%) and safety (40.2%).
  • Significant demographic differences were found between those willing to vaccinate and hesitant individuals.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides valuable insights into the complex behaviors and motivations surrounding COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.
  • Understanding vaccine concerns is crucial for addressing future public health challenges, termed a 'wicked problem'.
  • Demographic factors play a role in vaccine hesitancy, informing targeted public health interventions.