Implementation and evaluation of a practice transformation advanced pharmacy practice experience

Advanced entrepreneurship opportunities are important to consider as entrepreneurial skills become increasingly important to develop in pharmacy students. This institution implemented a new practice transformation advanced pharmacy practice experience (APPE), pairing students with community partners to implement and/or evaluate pharmacy services, network with pharmacists, and receive mentorship. The purpose of this article is to describe the APPE and students' outcomes during this first pilot year.

A faculty preceptor mentored and oversaw all APPE activities. Students were selected through an application process, and community partners were recruited based on alignment with students' goals and need for student assistance. Community partners prepared a list of practice transformation activities needed at their sites, and progress was tracked during weekly virtual meetings. APPE students completed a pre-APPE questionnaire, collecting background information and predictors of entrepreneurship: proactive personality, entrepreneurial self-efficacy, and individual entrepreneurial orientation (IEO). At the end of the APPE, IEO was measured again, and students reflected on what skills were developed.

Three students participated in the first year and were paired with various community partners. IEO baseline scores ranged from 24 to 28 (mean = 25.3, SD = 2.3), and follow-up scores increased to 28 to 30 (mean = 29.0, SD = 1.0). Students reported development in both soft and technical skills.

The practice transformation APPE offered students a unique opportunity to develop a diverse set of skills during a focused five-week experience. Based on positive feedback from students, this institution plans to continue to expand this APPE.