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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation tDCS for Memory Enhancement
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Using multisession tDCS stimulation as an early intervention on memory bias processing in subthreshold depression.

Chialun Liu1, Yunlu Xie1, Yaru Hao1

  • 1Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Life Sciences, Division of Life Science and Medicine, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, China.

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|July 12, 2022
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Multisession transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) effectively reduced memory bias and mid-frontal alpha power in subthreshold depression (SD). This neuromodulation approach shows promise for treating cognitive deficits in SD.

Keywords:
alpha powerbrain stimulationcognitive hierarchymemorysubthreshold depression

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Subthreshold depression (SD) presents cognitive deficits, yet neuromodulation treatments are underexplored.
  • Beck's cognitive model highlights the role of cognitive biases in depression.
  • Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) shows potential for treating major depressive disorder.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of a 13-day anodal tDCS protocol on attentional and memory deficits in individuals with subthreshold depression (SD).
  • To compare the efficacy of consecutive versus single-session tDCS interventions.
  • To explore attentional and memory biases in SD and their modulation by tDCS.

Main Methods:

  • A single-blinded, randomized, sham-controlled trial involving 49 SD participants and 17 healthy controls.
  • Anodal tDCS applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for 13 consecutive days.
  • Assessment of attentional and memory biases using modified Sternberg and dot-probe tasks, alongside EEG recordings on days 1, 2, and 15.

Main Results:

  • Multisession tDCS significantly reduced memory bias (p=.02) and decreased mid-frontal alpha power (p<.01) in SD participants compared to sham.
  • No significant effects of tDCS were observed on attentional measures (behavioral or neural).
  • Both tDCS and sham groups showed reduced depressive symptoms (e.g., BDI scores).

Conclusions:

  • Multisession tDCS can modulate memory bias in subthreshold depression, with alpha power potentially serving as a neural biomarker for intervention effectiveness.
  • The current tDCS protocol's efficacy requires further testing, particularly in elderly populations.
  • tDCS did not impact attentional biases in this study.