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COVID-19 in children: epidemic issues and candidate vaccines
Peng Zhang1, Mingwei Wei2, Pengfei Jing2
1Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.
Insights
Pediatric COVID-19 vaccination is crucial, reducing disease prevalence even during the Delta variant surge. Increased vaccination rates in children are necessary, alongside continued research into their transmission role and vaccine safety.
Area of Science:
- Pediatrics
- Infectious Diseases
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Widespread adult coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) vaccination has occurred for a year.
- Immunization for children against COVID-19 is increasingly recognized as essential.
- Pediatric COVID-19 vaccines have received emergency use approval.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the prevalence and transmission of COVID-19 in children.
- To assess candidate pediatric COVID-19 vaccines regarding safety and immunogenicity.
- To examine the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants on childhood vaccination.
Main Methods:
- Literature review on COVID-19 prevalence and transmission in pediatric populations.
- Analysis of safety and immunogenicity data for candidate pediatric COVID-19 vaccines.
- Examination of the influence of SARS-CoV-2 variants on vaccine effectiveness in children.
Main Results:
- COVID-19 prevalence in children decreased with vaccination, even during the Delta variant period.
- Children likely play a significant role in COVID-19 transmission, though further research is needed.
- Four candidate vaccines showed promise for pediatric use, with ongoing monitoring for safety.
Conclusions:
- Increased COVID-19 vaccination rates in children are recommended.
- Long-term studies and robust regulatory mechanisms are required to monitor pediatric vaccine safety, including adverse events.
- Understanding children's role in transmission is critical for public health strategies.
Abstract:
A large-scale vaccination of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) in adults has been conducted for nearly a year, and there is a growing recognition that immunization for children is also essential. It has been months since emergency use of pediatric COVID-19 vaccine was approved, we reviewed the prevalence and transmission of COVID-19 in children. The prevalence of COVID-19 in children is reduced due to vaccination even in a Delta prevalent period, so an increase in the vaccination rate is needed in children. Although the precise role of children in the transmission requires more research to uncover, they likely played a significant role, according to the available literature. We also described four candidate COVID-19 vaccines for children on their safety and immunogenicity and the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 variants on childhood vaccination. Safety issues on pediatric vaccines post-approval, like adverse events following immunization and adverse events of special interest require studies on long-term and effective regulatory mechanisms.
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