Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Fractures: Bone Repair01:27

Fractures: Bone Repair

3.6K
Treatment for a fracture is based on the type of break, the bone affected, and the patient's age.
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the...
3.6K
Flail Chest-I01:24

Flail Chest-I

275
Overview of Flail Chest
Flail chest is a severe and potentially life-threatening condition characterized by the fracture of three or more adjacent ribs in multiple places. It is most commonly caused by direct impacts and trauma, such as motor vehicle accidents or injuries from a steering wheel impact. It can also occur due to falls in elderly individuals with osteoporosis, or assaults involving sharp objects.
Pathophysiology
The pathophysiology of flail chest is complex, involving fractures of...
275
Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age01:09

Changes in the Appendicular Skeleton with Age

2.2K
The upper and lower limb initially develops as a small bulge called a limb bud, which appears on the lateral side of the early embryo. The upper limb bud appears near the end of the fourth week of development, with the lower limb bud appearing shortly after.
Initially, the limb buds consist of a core of mesenchyme covered by a layer of ectoderm. The ectoderm at the end of the limb bud thickens to form a narrow crest called the apical ectodermal ridge. This ridge stimulates the underlying...
2.2K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

3.9K
The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
3.9K
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

2.5K
The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side...
2.5K
Bone Disorders01:29

Bone Disorders

3.9K
Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
3.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Outcomes of pediatric blunt liver and spleen injury in 1029 patients using the ATOMAC+ pediatric trauma research network guideline.

Journal of pediatric surgery·2026
Same author

Physical abuse of young children reported by medical professionals in the United States 2014-2023.

Frontiers in pediatrics·2026
Same author

Implementing an Education Intervention for Prescription Opioid Pain Medication at Pediatric Trauma Centers.

Substance use & misuse·2026
Same author

Characteristics of paediatric patients who experienced accidental drowning at transition points in recreational water activities.

Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention·2025
Same author

Comparing injury severity scores from trauma registries with those mapped from injury diagnosis codes in injured adolescents.

Injury prevention : journal of the International Society for Child and Adolescent Injury Prevention·2025
Same author

PediBIG: Optimizing the Brain Injury Guideline for Pediatric Care.

Journal of pediatric surgery·2025
Same journal

Response to "Intraoperative Duplex Ultrasonography in the Pink Pulseless Hand: A Useful Adjunct, But Not Yet a Decision-Making Standard".

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same journal

Pediatric Nonscaphoid Carpal Fractures: Fracture Distribution and Operative Management in an Institutional Cohort and 2 National EHR Databases.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same journal

Osteosynthesis With Barrel-Bone Grafting Technique for Failed Recalcitrant Cases of Congenital Pseudarthrosis of Tibia: Outcomes and Complications in a Series of 17 Patients.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same journal

The Relationship Between Screw Placement and Southwick Angle Remodeling in Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same journal

Characteristics of Hip Dysplasia in Adults With Cerebral Palsy.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
Same journal

Long-term Follow-up of Myelomeningocele Patients: Factors That Can Affect Their Walking Ability.

Journal of pediatric orthopedics·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position
06:58

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position

Published on: August 17, 2017

10.1K

Risk Factors for Upper Extremity Refractures in Children.

Hilton P Gottschalk1,2, Holly Hughes Garza3, Amanda N Barczyk4,3

  • 1Central Texas Pediatric Orthopedics, Dell Children's Medical Center of Central Texas.

Journal of Pediatric Orthopedics
|July 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric upper extremity refractures occur in 2% of patients, typically within 6 months. Midshaft forearm fractures and noncompliance significantly increase refracture risk.

More Related Videos

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies
06:53

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

Published on: July 4, 2017

11.2K
Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
10:08

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Published on: April 18, 2011

14.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position
06:58

Method and Instrumented Fixture for Femoral Fracture Testing in a Sideways Fall-on-the-Hip Position

Published on: August 17, 2017

10.1K
A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies
06:53

A Rat Tibial Growth Plate Injury Model to Characterize Repair Mechanisms and Evaluate Growth Plate Regeneration Strategies

Published on: July 4, 2017

11.2K
Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model
10:08

Pseudofracture: An Acute Peripheral Tissue Trauma Model

Published on: April 18, 2011

14.8K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopaedic surgery
  • Pediatric orthopaedics
  • Trauma research

Background:

  • Refracture patterns in pediatric upper extremity fractures are not well-quantified.
  • Large cohort studies assessing refracture odds and predictive factors are limited.
  • Existing research lacks comprehensive analysis of associated patient-level and fracture-related factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency and timing of upper extremity refractures in children.
  • To identify patient-level and fracture-related factors associated with refracture risk.
  • To quantitatively assess the odds of refracture based on various characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records for pediatric patients (1-18 years) with upper extremity fractures.
  • Analysis of fracture characteristics, patient demographics, and treatment compliance.
  • Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to identify predictors of refracture.

Main Results:

  • 2% of patients experienced refracture within 2 years, with a median time of 6 months.
  • Midshaft location, angulated or buckle fractures, and forearm fractures were associated with higher refracture rates.
  • Noncompliance with treatment recommendations increased refracture odds by 4 times.

Conclusions:

  • Refracture is uncommon but significant in pediatric upper extremity injuries.
  • Forearm midshaft fractures and noncompliance are key risk factors.
  • Falls and high-energy mechanisms are common causes of refracture.