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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Receptor Downregulation in MVBs01:15

Receptor Downregulation in MVBs

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Multivesicular bodies (MVBs) are mature endosomes that sort ubiquitinated proteins and then fuse with lysosomes to degrade the sorted proteins. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor (EGFR) form a complex that can be internalized through endocytosis, sorted into an MVB, and later degraded.
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that  lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR  stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive  EGFR...
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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

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Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells
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Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

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CD38: An important regulator of T cell function.

Wentao Li1, Lin Liang1, Qianjin Liao2

  • 1NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China; Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & Pharmacotherapie
|July 14, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) impacts T cell number and function via the CD38-NAD+ axis. Understanding CD38

Keywords:
CD38CD38-NAD(+) axisHIV-1T cellsTherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Cluster of differentiation 38 (CD38) is a cell surface enzyme with NADase and cyclase activities.
  • CD38 is expressed on immune cells and abnormally in tumor cells, influencing tumor development.
  • CD38, ART2, SIRT1, and PARP1 are NAD-consuming enzymes critical for T cell number and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of CD38+ T cells (CD4+ and CD8+) in cellular immunity.
  • To elucidate the effects of the CD38-NAD+ axis on T cell activity.
  • To summarize CD38's relationship with disease prognosis and therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on CD38 expression and function in T cells.
  • Analysis of the CD38-NAD+ axis mechanism affecting T cell activity.
  • Review of therapeutic approaches involving anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies and CAR T cells.

Main Results:

  • CD38 expression on T cells is linked to cellular immunity and tumor development.
  • The CD38-NAD+ axis profoundly influences T cell activity, number, and function.
  • CD38 levels on T cells correlate with disease prediction and prognosis.

Conclusions:

  • The CD38-NAD+ axis is a key regulator of T cell activity and immunity.
  • Anti-CD38 therapies show potential in modulating T cell function for cancer treatment.
  • Further understanding of CD38 in T cells provides a basis for novel therapeutic strategies.