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Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

Neurogenesis and Regeneration of Nervous Tissue

In the CNS, neurogenesis, the birth of new neurons from stem cells, is limited to the hippocampus in adults. In other regions of the brain and spinal cord, neurogenesis is almost non-existent due to inhibitory influences from neuroglia, especially oligodendrocytes, and the absence of growth-stimulating cues. The myelin produced by oligodendrocytes in the CNS inhibits neuronal regeneration. Furthermore, astrocytes proliferate rapidly after neuronal damage, forming scar tissue that physically...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Author Spotlight: Innovative Use of nsPEF to Boost Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Author Spotlight: Innovative Use of nsPEF to Boost Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

Published on: May 3, 2024

Biomechanical microenvironment in peripheral nerve regeneration: from pathophysiological understanding to tissue

Lingchi Kong^1,2,3, Xin Gao⁴, Yun Qian^1,2,3

¹Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200233, China.

|July 15, 2022

Summary

Maintaining biomechanical homeostasis is crucial for peripheral nerve regeneration (PNR) after injury. Tissue engineering strategies can modulate this microenvironment to improve PNR outcomes.

Keywords:

Biomaterials Biomechanical phenomena Mechanotransduction Peripheral nerve injury Peripheral nerve regeneration Tissue engineering

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Neuroscience
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) impairs sensory, motor, and autonomic functions, often causing neuropathic pain.
The biomechanical microenvironment significantly influences peripheral nervous system development, function, and regeneration after PNI.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the current understanding of biomechanical microenvironment homeostasis in peripheral nerve function and regeneration.
To highlight tissue engineering strategies that modulate the biomechanical microenvironment for improved PNR.

Main Methods:

Literature review integrating studies on biomechanics, cell signaling, and tissue engineering in PNR.
Analysis of mechanosensitive elements, cytoskeletal dynamics, and extracellular matrix interactions in nerve repair.

Main Results:

Biomechanical factors influence gene expression, nerve structure, and physiological function.
Mechanotransduction pathways involving focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and YAP/TAZ are key to PNR.
Tissue engineering approaches like aligned conduits and piezoelectric scaffolds offer promising biomechanical modulation.

Conclusions:

Balancing mechanosensitive elements, cytoskeletal structures, and extracellular matrix is vital for PNR.
Tissue engineering nerve grafts show potential but face application limitations.
Future research should focus on optimizing biomechanical modulation strategies for PNR.