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Immunovirotherapy Based on Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: Where Are We?
Yuguo Zhang1, Bolni Marius Nagalo1,2
1Department of Pathology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, United States.
Frontiers in Immunology
|July 15, 2022
Summary
Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) shows promise as an oncolytic agent for cancer treatment due to its ability to induce an immune response. Further research is needed to gain FDA approval for human use.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Immunology
- Oncology
Background:
- Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), a Vesiculovirus, exhibits anti-neoplastic activity against various human cancers.
- VSV is a promising oncolytic agent due to its broad tropism, rapid replication, and genetic manipulability.
- VSV-mediated oncolysis can stimulate a robust cytotoxic T-cell response against viral proteins and tumor antigens, leading to durable antitumor effects.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the factors driving the use of VSV as an immunovirotherapy for human cancers.
- To explore future research directions for enhancing VSV-based oncotherapy.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in cancer therapy.
- Analysis of VSV's immunomodulatory properties and its combination with other anticancer strategies.
- Discussion of challenges and opportunities for clinical translation.
Main Results:
- VSV demonstrates significant antitumor activity and can enhance immune responses.
- Combinations of VSV with therapies like immune checkpoint blockade show synergistic effects.
- Despite promising preclinical data, VSV has not yet received FDA approval for human cancer treatment.
Conclusions:
- VSV holds potential as an oncolytic virus and immunovirotherapy agent.
- Overcoming barriers to FDA approval requires further research into optimizing VSV-based treatments.
- Future research should focus on improving VSV efficacy and safety for clinical application in oncology.
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