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Rabies in kudu: Revisited.

Thomas Müller1, Rainer Hassel2, Mark Jago2

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Advances in Virus Research
|July 15, 2022
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Summary

Rabies does not maintain independent transmission cycles in Greater Kudu. Oral rabies vaccination shows promise for protecting kudu populations and mitigating agricultural impacts.

Keywords:
BurdenControlEpidemiologyKuduNamibiaPhylogeneticsRabiesTransmissionVaccinationVirus

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Virology
  • Wildlife Epidemiology
  • Conservation Medicine

Background:

  • Rabies (RABV) is a viral disease affecting mammals, with specific bat and carnivore species maintaining transmission cycles.
  • High incidence of rabies in Greater Kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) in Namibia over 40 years suggested independent transmission within this species.
  • Rabies in kudu poses a significant threat to the Namibian agricultural sector.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and refute the hypothesis of an independent rabies virus transmission cycle in Greater Kudu.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of a third-generation oral rabies vaccine for protecting kudu.
  • To explore strategies for controlling rabies in kudu at the wildlife-livestock interface.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of extensive experimental data.
  • Epidemiological surveillance and investigation.
  • Phylogeographic analysis of virus strains.
  • Deep sequencing of rabies virus genomes.

Main Results:

  • Data collectively refute the maintenance of an independent rabies virus transmission cycle in kudu.
  • Initial trials demonstrate protection of kudu against rabies infection through oral vaccination.
  • Bait design, vaccination schedules, and doses positively influence immune response in kudu.

Conclusions:

  • Rabies virus is not maintained through an independent cycle in Greater Kudu populations.
  • Oral rabies vaccination is a viable strategy for protecting kudu from rabies.
  • Effective control of rabies in kudu requires a comprehensive approach addressing wildlife-livestock interface dynamics.