MR Neurography of Peripheral Nerve Tumors and Tumor-Mimics

Tumors of the peripheral nervous system can range from benign, such as neurofibroma or schwannoma, to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs). Magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) enables the distinction of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) from MPNSTs. In addition, MRN allows for the assessment of anatomical extent if operative management is planned and can help determine a surveillance strategy. Occasionally, tumor mimics such as traumatic neuromas can masquerade as peripheral nerve tumors. This review will illustrate the spectrum of peripheral nerve tumors and their mimics, emphasizing key distinguishing features to provide optimal MRN interpretation that enhances diagnostic thinking and therapeutic management.