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Indirect Motor Pathways01:22

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The indirect motor or extrapyramidal pathways originate in the brainstem, the lower portion of the brain that connects it to the spinal cord. They consist of several distinct tracts, each with specialized functions. The four main tracts of the indirect motor pathways are the vestibulospinal tract, the reticulospinal tract, the tectospinal tract, and the rubrospinal tract.
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Experimental Methods to Study Human Postural Control
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Visual feedback in the lower visual field affects postural control during static standing.

Hiroki Mani1, Norio Kato2, Naoya Hasegawa3

  • 1Faculty of Welfare and Health Science, Oita University, 700, Dannoharu, 870-1192 Oita, Japan.

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|July 17, 2022
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Summary

Visual stimuli in the lower visual field significantly improve postural control and sensory reweighting compared to the upper visual field. This highlights the importance of visual feedback for maintaining balance.

Keywords:
Center of pressureOptic flowSensory reweightingStatic postural controlVirtual realityVisual field

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Human Motor Control
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • The dorsal parietal visual system is crucial for self-motion perception and spatial cognition.
  • This system is highly responsive to visual stimuli from the lower visual field.
  • Sensory reweighting modifies postural control based on sensory source reliability, but the impact of visual field on this process is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether visual stimuli in the lower versus upper visual fields differentially affect postural control.
  • To determine if visual stimuli in the lower versus upper visual fields influence sensory reweighting during postural tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-nine healthy adults stood quietly in a virtual reality environment under four conditions: full, upper, lower visual field, and no optic flow.
  • Optic flow stimuli (expanding spheres) were presented via a head-mounted display.
  • Postural control was assessed using force plate data, measuring center of pressure (COP) parameters like ellipse area, RMS, velocity, and power spectral density (PSD).

Main Results:

  • Optic flow in the full and lower visual fields resulted in significantly smaller COP ellipse area and anterior-posterior RMS compared to the upper visual field.
  • Power spectral density analysis showed decreased lower-frequency power and increased higher-frequency power in the lower visual field condition relative to the upper visual field.

Conclusions:

  • Visual feedback from the lower visual field exerts a greater influence on static postural control than feedback from the upper visual field.
  • These findings suggest a differential role of visual field input in modulating postural stability and sensory reweighting.