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Factors affecting antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae following vaccination introduction

Eleanor Rose Watkins1, Akuzike Kalizang'Oma2, Andrea Gori2

  • 1Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK.

Trends in Microbiology
|July 17, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Pneumococcal antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health issue. While vaccines reduced some AMR, new resistant strains are emerging, driven by complex evolutionary factors.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Public Health
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Streptococcus pneumoniae causes severe infections like pneumonia and meningitis globally.
  • Pneumococcal antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a significant public health concern, with new resistant strains emerging.
  • Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) have reduced overall AMR, but non-vaccine serotypes are increasing resistance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss evolutionary mechanisms influencing pneumococcal AMR in the post-vaccination era.
  • To explore host, pathogen, and environmental factors contributing to AMR dynamics.
  • To understand the complex interplay between vaccination, antibiotic use, and AMR.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pneumococcal AMR.
  • Analysis of evolutionary pressures on Streptococcus pneumoniae.
  • Discussion of epidemiological data related to vaccine impact and resistance patterns.

Main Results:

  • PCVs have led to a decrease in overall pneumococcal AMR.
  • Increases in AMR are observed in non-vaccine serotypes.
  • Evolutionary mechanisms at host, pathogen, and environmental levels contribute to AMR.

Conclusions:

  • The prevalence of pneumococcal AMR is influenced by a complex interplay of factors.
  • Factors such as population, geography, and time modulate the impact of vaccination and antibiotic use on AMR.
  • Understanding these evolutionary dynamics is crucial for managing pneumococcal AMR.
Keywords:
Streptococcus pneumoniaeantimicrobial resistanceevolutionvaccination

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