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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Diabetes and Cancer01:19

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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Inflammatory Response01:28

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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Psychoneuroimmunology: Cardiovascular Disease01:27

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Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that examines how psychological factors, particularly stress, interact with the immune system and impact physical health. Research in PNI has shown that chronic or traumatic stress can disrupt both the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system. These disruptions contribute to serious health conditions, including cardiovascular diseases.
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Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

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Obesity-Mediated Immune Modulation: One Step Forward, (Th)2 Steps Back.

Viviane Schmidt1, Andrew E Hogan2,3, Padraic G Fallon4

  • 1Mikrobiologisches Institut - Klinische Mikrobiologie, Immunologie und Hygiene, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.

Frontiers in Immunology
|July 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity alters immune responses by changing how T helper 2 (Th2) cells use nutrients. This review explores how metabolic changes in obesity impact Th2 cell function and immune responses.

Keywords:
T helper cell 2Th2 (type-2) immune responsesadipokine cytokineshelminthmalnutritionmetabolismobesity

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Area of Science:

  • Immunometabolism
  • Obesity and Immune System Interaction
  • Adipose Tissue Biology

Background:

  • Obesity is linked to low-grade inflammation and altered immune cell function.
  • Adipokines from adipose tissue, like leptin and adiponectin, modulate T cell responses.
  • Nutrient availability in adipose tissue influences T cell differentiation and metabolism.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how obesity and malnutrition metabolically regulate Th2 cells.
  • To examine the impact of these metabolic states on Th2-biased immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on immunometabolism and Th2 cells.
  • Focus on metabolic regulation of T cells in obesity and malnutrition.

Main Results:

  • Obesity shifts the immune environment towards a pro-inflammatory state.
  • T cell activation involves a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis.
  • Signaling pathways like mTOR and PPARγ are crucial for T cell differentiation.

Conclusions:

  • Metabolic dysregulation in obesity significantly impacts Th2 cell function.
  • Understanding these changes is crucial for addressing immune dysfunction in metabolic diseases.