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Long-Term Earth-Moon Evolution With High-Level Orbit and Ocean Tide Models.

Houraa Daher1,2, Brian K Arbic3,4,5, James G Williams6

  • 1Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI USA.

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Earth and Moon evolution are linked by tidal forces. Early Earth may have experienced higher ocean tidal energy dissipation due to a closer Moon, impacting climate and ocean circulation.

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Area of Science:

  • Planetary Science
  • Geophysics
  • Orbital Dynamics

Background:

  • Tidal forces couple Earth's rotation and the Moon's orbit over geological timescales.
  • Energy dissipation from tides influences Earth's rotation rate, obliquity, and lunar orbital parameters (semi-major axis, eccentricity, inclination).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate the Earth-Moon system backward in time over 4.5 billion years using detailed orbital dynamics and ocean tide models.
  • To explore the impact of uncertain plate tectonic histories on tidal energy dissipation rates through Monte Carlo simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Backward integration of the Earth-Moon system incorporating orbital dynamics and explicit, non-idealized ocean tide models.
  • Monte Carlo simulations to account for uncertainties in plate tectonic reconstructions.
  • Tidal energy dissipation rates were randomly sampled from simulations using modern and paleogeometries (55, 116, 252 Ma).

Main Results:

  • Normalized tidal energy dissipation rates are dependent on paleogeometry and Earth's rotation rate, with faster rotation generally leading to lower rates.
  • Early Earth may have experienced significantly higher absolute ocean tidal energy dissipation rates than today due to a closer Moon.
  • Lunar orbital inclination and eccentricity evolution prior to 4 billion years ago were primarily driven by lunar tidal and core-mantle boundary dissipation.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a range of possible early Earth-Moon system parameters, highlighting high lunar orbit inclinations in the early system.
  • Absolute ocean tidal dissipation rates on early Earth could have been substantial, with implications for ocean circulation and climate.
  • The model does not reproduce the near-zero semi-major axis at 4.5 Ga suggested by lunar formation models, indicating the need for further investigation into additional processes.