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Related Concept Videos

Precipitation and Co-precipitation01:17

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

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Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...
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Precipitation Gravimetry01:03

Precipitation Gravimetry

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Precipitation gravimetry is based on converting an analyte into a sparingly soluble precipitate, which is separated by filtration and weighed. An ideal precipitate should be pure, insoluble, of known composition, and easily filtered from the reaction mixture.
In determining nickel by gravimetric analysis, a precipitant of ethanolic dimethylglyoxime is added to a hot nickel salt solution. This is quickly followed by the dropwise addition of dilute ammonia solution until precipitation occurs. A...
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Precipitation Processes01:12

Precipitation Processes

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The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

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Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Types of Coprecipitation01:10

Types of Coprecipitation

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Coprecipitation is the contamination of a precipitate by otherwise soluble species and occurs via different processes. In colloidal precipitates, coprecipitation occurs via surface adsorption. For instance, barium sulfate has a primary layer of adsorbed barium ions and a secondary layer of nitrate counterions. This results in contamination of the precipitate by barium nitrate.
Sometimes, ions in a crystal lattice can undergo isomorphous replacement by inclusions of similar charge and size. For...
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Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis01:21

Precipitation Titration Curve: Analysis

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The precipitation titration curve demonstrates the change in concentration of one reactant with the volume of titrant added. During the titration of chloride ions with silver nitrate, the precipitation titration curve is divided into three regions: before, at, and after the equivalence point. Before the equivalence point, low redissolution of the sparingly soluble silver chloride precipitate gives a low silver ion concentration. However, in the second region, representing the equivalence point,...
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Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Tracking Infiltration Front Depth Using Time-lapse Multi-offset Gathers Collected with Array Antenna Ground Penetrating Radar
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A 0.01-degree gridded precipitation dataset for Japan, 1926-2020.

Misako Hatono1, Masashi Kiguchi2, Kei Yoshimura3

  • 1Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8527, Japan. m.hatono.hydro@gmail.com.

Scientific Data
|July 19, 2022
PubMed
Summary

This study presents a high-resolution gridded precipitation dataset for Japan (1926-2020), created using historical observations and advanced interpolation. The dataset accurately captures local rainfall variability, aiding future hydrological and climate research.

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Area of Science:

  • Climatology
  • Hydrology
  • Geospatial Data Science

Background:

  • Accurate precipitation data is crucial for hydrological modeling and climate research.
  • Existing datasets may lack the spatiotemporal resolution required for detailed local analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a high-resolution (0.01-degree) gridded precipitation dataset for Japan.
  • To provide a comprehensive historical precipitation record spanning from 1926 to 2020.
  • To create a valuable resource for hydrological and climate change studies.

Main Methods:

  • Spatially interpolating historical precipitation observations using the inverse distance weighting (IDW) method.
  • Optimizing interpolation parameters through comparison with independent observational data from the University of Tokyo Forests.
  • Validating the dataset's accuracy using cross-validation across over 1,000 meteorological stations.

Main Results:

  • A daily and hourly gridded precipitation dataset for Japan with 0.01-degree resolution was successfully generated.
  • The dataset demonstrates high fidelity in reproducing the temporal variability of local precipitation.
  • The interpolation method was rigorously optimized and validated against extensive ground-truth data.

Conclusions:

  • The developed precipitation dataset offers unprecedented spatiotemporal detail for Japan.
  • Its accuracy and resolution make it suitable for diverse applications, including hydrological model forcing and historical rainfall event analysis.
  • This dataset represents a significant advancement for climate and water resource research in Japan.