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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 4, 2025

Design of an Open-Source, Low-Cost Bioink and Food Melt Extrusion 3D Printer

Design of an Open-Source, Low-Cost Bioink and Food Melt Extrusion 3D Printer

Published on: March 2, 2020

A hackable, multi-functional, and modular extrusion 3D printer for soft materials.

Iek Man Lei^1,2, Yaqi Sheng^1,2, Chon Lok Lei^3,4

¹Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Scientific Reports

|July 19, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

We developed Printer.HM, an open-source 3D printer for soft materials. This affordable, modular system enables diverse applications in biological and sustainable material printing.

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Micro 3D Printing Using a Digital Projector and its Application in the Study of Soft Materials Mechanics

Micro 3D Printing Using a Digital Projector and its Application in the Study of Soft Materials Mechanics

Published on: November 27, 2012

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Last Updated: Sep 4, 2025

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Micro 3D Printing Using a Digital Projector and its Application in the Study of Soft Materials Mechanics

Micro 3D Printing Using a Digital Projector and its Application in the Study of Soft Materials Mechanics

Published on: November 27, 2012

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Engineering
Additive Manufacturing
Robotics

Background:

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is crucial for material, food, and life sciences.
Democratizing this technology requires open-source platforms.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a hackable, multi-functional, and modular extrusion 3D printer for soft materials.
To enable heterogeneous construct creation and versatile printing operations.

Main Methods:

Designed a robotic arm with multi-printhead modules.
Integrated accessories like heating and UV modules for ink printability.
Developed software accepting diverse geometry inputs (CAD, equations, images).

Main Results:

Demonstrated versatile operations: liquid dispensing, non-planar printing, pick-and-place.
Successfully printed pH-responsive soft actuators, plant-based hydrogels, and organ models.
Achieved 'mix-and-match' hardware and software customization.

Conclusions:

Printer.HM integrates affordability and open design for soft, biological, and sustainable material printing.
The system democratizes advanced 3D printing capabilities.
Enables creation of complex soft material architectures.