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Overview of the Vascular System

The vascular system comprises an extensive network of arteries, capillaries, and veins. The vascular system can be broadly divided into the blood and lymphatic systems. Typically, blood vessels can be categorized into three histological regions: tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica adventitia. The tunica intima consists of a single layer of endothelial cells attached to the basal lamina. Underlying the basal lamina is a connective tissue layer and an elastic lamina that gives stability and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Imaging-Guided Bioreactor for Generating Bioengineered Airway Tissue
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Hydrogel-Based Airway-on-Tube With Perfusable Endothelial Lumen and Outward Epithelialization.

Ali Doryab1,2, Jack F Murphy1,2, Michael Bartolf-Kopp3

  • 1Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|March 2, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a novel airway-on-tube model using engineered hydrogels and scaffolds. This advanced preclinical tool better mimics lung complexity, improving drug development for chronic lung diseases.

Keywords:
airway‐on‐chipair–liquid interface (ALI)engineered extracellular matrix hydrogelmelt electrowriting (MEW)tubular geometry

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Chronic lung diseases cause significant mortality globally, with limited therapeutic options.
  • Preclinical models lack the complexity to fully replicate lung physiology, hindering drug development.
  • Existing airway-on-chip models are often planar and lack perfusable vascular components for dynamic cell interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced airway-on-tube model that overcomes limitations of current preclinical lung models.
  • To create a platform that integrates engineered extracellular matrix (ECM) with a tubular scaffold for dynamic culture.
  • To enable better recapitulation of lung tissue complexity for improved drug screening and research.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a tubular construct combining engineered ECM (EnECM) hydrogel with melt electrowritten (MEW) scaffold.
  • Embedding patient-derived primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells within the EnECM hydrogel to form a perfusable lumen.
  • Culturing primary human bronchial epithelial cells on the outer surface to establish an air-liquid interface (ALI).
  • Implementing pulsatile perfusion to deliver nutrients and mechanical stimuli (shear stress, cyclic stretch) to the endothelial layer.

Main Results:

  • The EnECM/MEW construct provided mechanical support for dynamic culture without compromising cell behavior.
  • The model successfully established a perfusable endothelial lumen and an outward-facing epithelium at ALI.
  • Pulsatile perfusion maintained ALI culture while providing essential nutrients and mechanical cues.
  • The platform demonstrated versatility for next-generation airway-on-chip applications.

Conclusions:

  • A novel hydrogel-based airway-on-tube platform was successfully established.
  • This model enhances preclinical lung research by better mimicking lung tissue complexity and vascular interactions.
  • The platform offers new opportunities for advancing precision therapeutic development for chronic lung diseases.